Modeling and simulation is a methodological approach encompassing the creation of abstract or computational representations (models) of real-world or hypothetical systems and their dynamic execution (simulation) over time or under varying conditions to analyze behavior and properties. This research field investigates complex phenomena by constructing, validating, and experimenting with these models, providing insights into system dynamics, predicting outcomes, and optimizing performance where direct experimentation is infeasible, dangerous, or resource-intensive.